Asbestos Exposure in Power Plants

Why Was Asbestos Used in Power Plants?

Power plants were built with asbestos products to prevent fires and protect the machinery, including boilers, pipes and turbines, because asbestos is an effective insulator for intense heat. Over time, the products deteriorated and released asbestos fibers, placing many workers and their families at risk of asbestos exposure. 

Other asbestos products regularly used in power plants included acoustical plaster, asbestos blankets, asbestos paneling, joint compounds, mastic, cement, firebricks and gaskets.

Workers responsible for building and maintaining these plants wore protective clothing and safety gear that contained asbestos. Pants, coats, aprons, mitts, masks and shoe coverings contained asbestos through the 1980s.

Asbestos exposure was virtually unavoidable in power plants built prior to the 1980s. Doctors and scientists began informing plant owners and others about the serious health dangers of asbestos in the 1930s. Plant owners began relaying warning to workers after government regulations took hold in the 1970s.

Exposure to legacy asbestos products remains a risk for power plant workers. For example, according to a January 2022 news report, a power plant in Austin, Minnesota, had to remove asbestos-containing materials before the plant could be demolished. The plant was built in 1971 when the use of asbestos was widespread. Maintenance workers who repair asbestos-containing equipment face the greatest risk of exposure in power plants.

Who Was at Risk of Exposure?

Insulators, pipefitters, electricians, welders, maintenance workers and other laborers directly handled asbestos by fitting, drilling, sanding or cutting products that released toxic fibers. Managers, operators and engineers who worked around these dangerous tasks were at risk of indirect exposure. 

Pipes, electrical wires, generators and other high-temperature equipment and machinery were wrapped with asbestos lagging and insulation. Workers who installed these products and those who had to remove and replace them to make repairs were exposed to asbestos. 

Both direct and indirect exposure put power plant workers at risk of later developing asbestos-related diseases including cancer and incurable pulmonary diseases. There is a latency period between initial exposure to asbestos and development of related diseases that ranges from 20 to 60 years. 

Former power plant employees should monitor their health for respiratory symptoms that may be signs of mesothelioma, asbestosis and asbestos-related lung cancer. Anyone diagnosed with a related condition may seek financial compensation through litigation or asbestos trust fund claims.

Power Plant Workers and Mesothelioma Lawsuits

Many power plant workers who developed asbestos-related diseases have successfully filed lawsuits against former employers and manufacturers of asbestos products.

Although many corporate executives knew about the deadly effects of asbestos exposure, they continued using the mineral without supplying employees any information about its dangers or giving them safety equipment as protection. It was typical for workers to handle asbestos without any protection.

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Notable Power Plants

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, there are about 11,070 utility-scale electric power plants and 55 nuclear power plants actively operating in the U.S.

Information on when these plants were constructed varies, but the administration says most nuclear power plants were constructed between 1970 and 1990, when asbestos-containing products were still commonly used despite increasing regulation. 

The risk of asbestos exposure remains at many power plants throughout the country. Some legacy asbestos products have been encapsulated to reduce the risk of exposure. Unfortunately, the risk of asbestos exposure remains for those who perform maintenance work in older power plants.

Duke Energy

Duke Energy is one of the country’s largest electrical power companies. It operates coal plants, oil plants, nuclear plants and hydrogen energy plants. Based in Charlotte, N.C., it bought and merged with several utilities over the past two decades. It now supplies energy to some four million customers in the Carolinas, Florida, portions of the Midwest, Canada and Latin America. 

In company financial reports, Duke says that it has faced numerous personal injury claims associated with asbestos use in construction and maintenance tasks at its power plants during the 1960s and 1970s.

Duke noted in February 2022 that it has $501 million set aside to handle asbestos litigation in addition to insurance policies. The company stated that the number of claims had increased significantly since 1977, prompting it to secure insurance to cover approximately $1.6 billion in claims.

Consolidated Edison Powerhouses

Like many power plants, those built by Con Edison included steam pipes, wires, boilers, generators, reactors and other equipment insulated by asbestos materials.

In December 2021, Con Edison estimated its asbestos liabilities at $8 million. Con Edison had paid $273 million in asbestos liabilities by the end of 2001. The company estimated its asbestos liability by 2050 would cost between $37.7 million and $162.1 million.

Exelon Generation

In February 2022, a financial report stated Exelon has an estimated $81 million in asbestos liabilities. Exelon estimated another $64 million would be dispersed in damages for claims filed up to the year 2055.

By 2005, Exelon had spent millions of dollars defending asbestos claims and paying compensatory damages. The company stated that it would also assume liabilities from PECO and Commonwealth Edison (ComEd), energy delivery subsidiaries which Exelon had purchased.

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power

The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, which serves about 4.1 million Southern California residents as the largest municipal utility in the United States, utilized asbestos in its power plants to insulate pipes, electrical wires, generators and other machinery.

In 2007, LADWP was fined $9,030 for demolishing several asbestos-containing structures and failing to notify the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency beforehand. 

Southern California Edison

Southern California Edison’s Contractor Handbook notes that company buildings may still contain asbestos in various materials. Gaskets, insulation, ceiling tiles, wallboard, pipes, flooring and other general building materials are all noted as potential asbestos-containing materials.

Because of the widespread presence of asbestos, each contractor is provided a listing of all items and locations known to contain it.

Pacific Gas and Electric

Pacific Gas and Electric Company, better known as PG&E, has a storied history of environmental contamination in addition to occupational asbestos exposure. 

For much of its existence, PG&E’s nuclear power plants were built with asbestos-containing products, usually as a form of insulation. Numerous workers and former employees – many of them welders, insulators, electricians and pipefitters – filed lawsuits against PG&E after they became ill with asbestos-related cancers and conditions.

PG&E said it faced numerous lawsuits and was $12 billion in debt when it filed for bankruptcy in 2001. Four years later, PG&E paid $10.2 billion in damages to hundreds of creditors and resumed business.

Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant

Before Comanche Park’s second reactor opened, the plant’s liabilities had resulted in hundreds of workers’ compensation claims related to asbestos exposure. For four years, beginning in 1989, about 2,000 workers from Comanche Peak and the nearby Texas Project plant filed asbestos-related lawsuits against their employers. 

Linda Porter, a painter at Comanche Peak, was exposed to asbestos in 1988 when she and three other workers were given respirators and ordered to perform a test for the company: Grinding and power-sanding coatings known to contain silica and asbestos.

They were instructed to generate as much dust as possible while doing so. Porter shut down the test after several hours in the enclosed space. She was laid off a few weeks later. Porter believes she was subjected to the test, various other intimidation techniques and eventual termination because of her prior demands for a safer work environment.

Pilgrim Nuclear Generating Station

Peter Forman, a state representative, spoke about a previous asbestos abatement project at the plant. He was told by workers that the task was improperly carried out and that there was an unnecessary risk of exposure to the toxin.

Similar incidents have led to asbestos lawsuits involving Pilgrim Nuclear, in conjunction with Bechtel and Boston Edison.

It was sold in 1999 to Louisiana-based Entergy Corp. In 2008, Entergy Nuclear began plans to decommission the Pilgrim power plant, a project scheduled to be completed around 2050. Because the mineral was used extensively within the station, asbestos abatement will be a notable aspect of the decommissioning process. The removal is estimated to cost $4.3 million.

Arthur Kill Powerhouse

Rosenberg was first exposed to asbestos in 1960 and received a mesothelioma diagnosis decades later. He died at the age of 64, not long after the ruling. Rosenberg’s cancer was linked to his time working at several different work sites in New York, including the Arthur Kill Powerhouse.

Robert E. Ginna Nuclear Power Plant

The presence of asbestos at Robert E. Ginna Nuclear, which sits on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in Ontario, N.Y., triggered a significant number of lawsuits against its owner, Constellation Energy Group, and a former owner, Rochester Gas and Electric.

The men, who ranged in age from 56 to 75, had all developed asbestos-related diseases including mesothelioma. Three of the men died before the case was decided. The workers were awarded $2 million in compensation.

Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Generating Station

Construction at both facilities began in the early and mid-1970s, putting them at the tail end of an era when power plants heavily used asbestos for their construction. Former employees sued Farley, Alabama Power and Southern Nuclear over claims of asbestos exposure that resulted in cancer and wrongful death.

In 1997, after receiving notice from numerous subcontracted employees about asbestos exposure, the Occupational Health and Safety Administration inspected the Farley facility.

Plant operator Southern Nuclear Operating Company was fined for failing to identify all asbestos-containing material before allowing workers into the plant. The administration said the company failed to notify employees of the dangers they faced and implement adequate precautionary measures.

Vermont Yankee Power Plant

One of the oldest nuclear power plants in the United States, which sits on the border between New Hampshire and Massachusetts, Vermont Yankee Power Plant is the site of several environmental accidents and issues. 

Plant owner Entergy Nuclear of Louisiana, which bought the plant in 2002, has defended numerous asbestos claims, but Vermont Yankee has not been named in a significant number of lawsuits.

Hanford Nuclear Site

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